Mongolian Journal of Geography and Geoecology
type: channel
description: published by the of Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Abstracting and indexing in Google Scholar, Dimensions, and EBSCO Discovery service
publisher: Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
language: en-US
publication name: Mongolian Journal of Geography and Geoecology
issn: 3006-385X
copyright: Copyright on any research article in the Mongolian Journal of Geography and Geoecology is retained by the author(s). The authors grant the Mongolian Journal of Geography and Geoecology a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Articles in the Mongolian Journal of Geography and Geoecology are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY. This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
items: New geomorphological districts of lakes in Mongolia
items: Relationship between near ground surface temperature and land cover types of eastern lake Khuvsgul
items: Regional SWOT analysis along the Krasnoyarsk – Uliastai - Lanzhou vertical axis
items: Features to consider in land cover classification based on random forest
items: Study on soil organic carbon in permafrost regions
items: Results of research on reforesting degraded areas in the Ulaanbaatar Green Zone
items: The findings of the research on the establishment of permanent seed stands in planted forests
items: A comparison of filters to remove speckle from radar data
items: Fertility status and soil quality index in forest soil of Khangai, Khentii, and Khuvsgul ranges
items: Population settlement and internal migration of the region along the Mongolia-Russia-China economic corridor
items: Some results of calculating the greenhouse gas absorption in the forest
items: Evaluation of the current condition of road border ports in the eastern region of Mongolia
items: Factors affecting indoor air quality in kindergartens
items: Spatio-temporal changes of pasture land in Selenge River Basin using spectral indices
items: Organic carbon stocks of desertification monitoring sites
items: Groundwater recharge and soil moisture in the unsaturated zone of Gobi region
items: Effect of mulch on soil moisture conservation (In the example of trees planted in two different soils in a greenhouse)
items: Characteristics and properties of soil reaction (pH) of Mongolian forest
items: A study on the effect of windbreaks of forest strips established in sandy soil regions of central Mongolia
items: Plant community changes in the steppe zone in Mongolia
items: Editorial

New geomorphological districts of lakes in Mongolia
type: item
description: Lake geomorphological research has scientific and practical significance, and researchers have continued to contribute to increasing the scientific value of this field. Categorizing lakes geomorphologically based on land surface characteristics in Mongolia is essential. The establishment of a new district will facilitate the identification of key conditions for the sustainable use and conservation of the lake, which is a crucial surface water resource. This study produced results through a comparative analysis of research materials from previously defined physical geographical regions. The analysis utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. Consequently, a three-level geomorphological classification of lakes was developed, based on the fundamental conditions of surface depressions and convexities, as well as the geographical distribution of the lakes. The new regionalization identified 2 major regions, 11 regions, and 27 sub-regions. The geomorphological evolution of the lake is closely tied to the evolution of its geology and geography. In this study, a revised classification was developed, incorporating the strengths of each existing category while maintaining the foundational principles of earlier classifications. This updated classification of lake geomorphological districts provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the origin and morphological characteristics of lake depressions. Moreover, the study establishes essential conditions for improved hydrological and environmental preservation, as well as the sustainable use of these lakes. Монгол орны нуурын геоморфологийн шинэ мужлал Нуурын геоморфологийн судалгаа нь шинжлэх ухааны болон практик ач холбогдолтой бөгөөд судлаачид энэ чиглэлээр шинжлэх ухааны үнэ цэнийг нэмэгдүүлэхэд хувь нэмрээ оруулсаар иржээ. Монгол орны газрын гадаргын онцлог шинж чанарыг харгалзан нууруудыг геоморфологийн хувьд ангилах нь чухал юм. Шинэ мужлалыг тогтоосноор гадаргын усны чухал эх үүсвэр болох нуурыг зүй зохистой …
creator: Altanbold Enkhbold
creator: Ulambadrakh Khukhuudei
creator: Dash Doljin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Altanbold Enkhbold, Ulambadrakh Khukhuudei, Dash Doljin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3235

Relationship between near ground surface temperature and land cover types of eastern lake Khuvsgul
type: item
description: Mongolia, a country located in Central Asia, is known for its extreme climate and distinct natural landscape. However, in recent years, the effects of global warming have accelerated permafrost degradation, leading to significant ecological and environmental disturbances. This study was conducted to investigate these changes and contribute to the preservation of Mongolia's pristine nature and unique environmental structure. Specifically, the research focuses on the relationship between thawing permafrost and temperature on the eastern shore of Lake Khuvsgul, considering natural factors such as vegetation and snow cover. In the study area, 31 surface temperature monitoring devices were installed at 300-meter intervals across four distinct types of ground cover: grassland, wetland, forest, and shrubland. These temperature readings were then used to calculate various indices. The highest ground surface temperature during the summer, 28.2°C, was recorded at point A-14, while the lowest winter temperature, -19.31°C, was observed at point A-17, both located in grassland areas. The frost number, an index used to measure thawing, registered values below 0.5 only at grassland points, indicating a higher likelihood of permafrost presence at other locations. Additionally, the N-factor, which reflects seasonal temperature variations, was found to be lower in forested areas and higher in grassland areas. Points located in forests were notably cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter compared to those points in grasslands. The surface temperature during winter was also affected by the snow accumulation that year, becoming colder as the snow cover increased. Furthermore, the N-factor decreased with thicker snow during the winter season. Snow cover duration in 2022-2023 was 9-11 days longer compared to the previous year (2021-2022). Монгол орны нуурын геоморфологийн шинэ мужлал Монгол орон нь төв Азид орших эрс тэс уур амьсгалтай орнуудын нэг бөгөөд байгалийн зүй тогтоц, бүтцэ…
creator: Enkhjargal Undrakhbayar
creator: Dashtseren Avirmed
creator: Temuujin Khurelbaatar
creator: Maralmaa Ariunbold
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Enkhjargal Undrakhbayar, Dashtseren Avirmed, Temuujin Khurelbaatar, Maralmaa Ariunbold https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 18
ending page: 30
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3343

Regional SWOT analysis along the Krasnoyarsk – Uliastai - Lanzhou vertical axis
type: item
description: he axis is developed based on the interests of the stakeholders within the framework of regional cooperation, and further, foreign trade and economic cooperation are intensified through cities, border ports, and free economic zones along the axis. Mongolia is a landlocked country located between China and the Russian Federation. That is why it is important to develop foreign relations with not only bordering countries, but also neighboring countries based on their geographic location, and increase cooperation in politics, economy, culture and other fields. The pillar of any country's development is the road network, including the axis of transport infrastructure. The Krasnoyarsk-Uliastai-Lanzhou axis is not planned in the framework of regional cooperation and is a proposed option for Mongolia. In the long-term development policy of Mongolia "Vision 2050", it is planned to develop this axis, and the railway construction work has started. This study was conducted considering that it could be developed as a second transit link connecting the Russian Federation and China. The purpose of this study was to examine the economic and infrastructure conditions along the transportation axis of the Krasnoyarsk-Uliastai-Lanzhou route covering three countries, including the provinces it passes through, and to identify opportunities and challenges for further development in line with regional cooperation and geopolitical conditions. A SWOT analysis was conducted for the provinces located along the axis with indicators such as geopolitical conditions, population changes, agglomeration, livestock development, agricultural development, industrial development, transport logistics development, and tourism development. The results of the SWOT analysis indicated that it is important to urgently solve the problem of joining the Eurasian cooperation in order to develop this axis. With the development of this axis, Mongolia will have the opportunity to create a second transit transport netw…
creator: Urantamir Gankhuyag
creator: Altanbagana Myagmarsuren
creator: Tseyenkhand Punsantsogvoo
creator: Nandin-Erdene Amartuvshin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Urantamir Gankhuyag, Altanbagana Myagmarsuren, Tseyenkhand Punsantsogvoo, Nandin-Erdene Amartuvshin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 31
ending page: 44
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3353

Features to consider in land cover classification based on random forest
type: item
description: In some modern digital image processing systems, different machine learning and high-level processing algorithms are being developed. A researcher can obtain high-quality thematic results by correctly and optimally determining the parameter values in the algorithm based on his or her own knowledge. This research aims to perform a land cover classification using a machine learning random forest (RF) classification algorithm on the SNAP Toolbox system and demonstrate how to adjust the classification parameters for efficient decision-making. In order to increase the classification accuracy, the study uses 3 different combinations of the integrated optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sets. The area in the southern part of Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, was selected as a test area for the study, and the land cover was classified into 6 different classes, such as the built-up area, forest, willow, grass, open land, and water. In the RF technique, the number of signatures were set as 5000, 10000, and 15000 and the related number of decision trees as 10, 50, and 100, respectively. As could be seen from the results of the study, the classification results of the combined multisource data sets had higher overall accuracies, and the result of 11 bands with the number of signatures set to 15000 and the decision trees set to 100, had the highest overall accuracy (92.68%). Машин сургалтын анамсаргүй ойн аргаар газрын бүрхэвчийг ангилахад харгалзан үзэх онцлогууд Орчин үеийн дүрсийн тоон боловсруулалтын зарим системд, машин сургалтын болон өндөр түвшингийн янз бүрийн аргууд бий болж байгаа бөгөөд судлаач өөрийн мэдлэг дээр тулгуурлан тухайн алгоритм дахь параметруудын утгуудыг зөв, оновчтой тодорхойлж өгснөөр өндөр чанарын үзүүлэлт бүхий сэдэвчилсэн үр дүнг гарган авах боломжтой. Энэхүү судалгаа нь SNAP Toolbox систем дээр машин сургалтын санамсаргүй ойн ангиллын алгоритмыг ашиглан газрын бүрхэвчийн ангилал хийхэд, ангиллын параметруудыг хэрхэн тохируулахыг харуулах үн…
creator: Amarsaikhan Damdinsuren
creator: Enkhmanlai Amarsaikhan
creator: Enkhjargal Damdinsuren
creator: Tsogzol Gurjav
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amarsaikhan Damdinsuren, Enkhmanlai Amarsaikhan, Enkhjargal Damdinsuren, Tsogzol Gurjav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 45
ending page: 55
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3358

Study on soil organic carbon in permafrost regions
type: item
description: The Bayanzurkh soum of Khuvsgul province is located in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones. We investigated the soil organic carbon content in the Dood Toom, Dund Toom, Altarga and Beltes rivers valleys in Bayanzurkh Soum. In the study area, we collected 720 soil samples at 181 sites between 2022 and 2023. We determined soil organic carbon content (SOC, %), soil organic carbon density (SOCD, kg m-2), bulk density (g/cm3), stone content (%), and moisture content (%). The cryic umbrisols, cryic histosols, umbrisols, calcic histosols, sceletic regosols, and mollic cambisols soils were distributed across the study area. The result showed that the SOC content ranged between 1.7 and 93.8%, and cryic histosols was a higher values in SOC content. Whereas, SOC density ranges between 4.7 and 72.7 kg m-2, and cryic histosols was higher values in SOC density. According to our results, SOC density of cryic umbrisols and cryic histosols were a higher value than previous study. But, the SOC density of our study was lower than in permafrost regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Arctic). In addition, the SOC content had a high positive correlation with moisture content (r2 = 0.63), and highly negatively correlated with bulk density (r2 = -0.87) and stone content (r2 = -0.52). Цэвдэгт бүс нутгийн хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн судалгаа Хөвсгөл аймгийн Баянзүрх сум нь цэвдгийн үргэлжилсэн ба тасалданги тархалттай бүсэд оршдог. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаар Баянзүрх сумын Доод Тоом, Дунд Тоом, Алтарга, Бэлтэс голуудын хөндийн хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн агууламжийг судалсан. Судалгааны талбайд 2022-2023 оны хооронд нийт 181 хөрсний зүсэлт хийж, 720 орчим дээж цуглуулан хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн хэмжээ (ХОН, %), хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн агууламж (ХОН-ийн агууламж, кг м-2), эзлэхүүн жин (г/см3), чулууны агууламж (%), чийгийн хэмжээ (%) зэрэг үзүүлэлтүүдийг тодорхойлов. Судалгааны талбайд тайгын цэвдэгт, хүлэрлэг цэвдэгт, тайгын ширэгт, карбонаттай хүлэрлэг, чулуурхаг …
creator: Batzorig Batbold
creator: Saruulzaya Adiya
creator: Maralmaa Ariunbold
creator: Purevdulam Yondonrentsen
creator: Nemekhbayar Gankhuyag
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Batzorig Batbold, Saruulzaya Adiya, Maralmaa Ariunbold, Purevdulam Yondonrentsen, Nemekhbayar Gankhuyag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 56
ending page: 66
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3360

Results of research on reforesting degraded areas in the Ulaanbaatar Green Zone
type: item
description: he forests of Mongolia are adapted to the extreme climatic conditions of the mainland, with a relatively slow growth rate. They are susceptible to disruption of their ecosystem balance due to a combination of natural and external influences, and their capacity for regeneration and expansion is limited. In Mongolia, the extent of land that has not been regenerated due to explotation and forest fires exceeds one million hectares. In contexts where the dominant coniferous tree species have been exploited, subjected to intense fire, or impacted by recurrent fires, it is frequently observed that these areas undergo a natural regeneration shift of the original coniferous forest with low-value birch and willow forests. Therefore, in regions where natural regeneration is insufficient, afforestation and restoration experiments were conducted with the primary tree species in areas that had been exploited, subjected to fire, and impacted by forest pests. The research area is situated within the Tuul-Barkh circle of Eastern Khentii, specifically within the Uvur-Baigal forest vegetation zone of Mongolia. The afforestation experiment was conducted in the degraded forest areas of the Yargait pass, Nukht pass, Khandgait pass and Shar-Khooloi pass of Gachuurt, located within the green zone of Ulaanbaatar city. The objective of this study was to identify an appropriate method for afforestation in areas that have been degraded by forest fires and pests within the green zone of Ulaanbaatar. The methods of Dorjsuren were employed to isolate the study sample area and identify the principal parameters of tree taxa. The forest status assessment was done using methods developed by Tsendsuren, as well as an afforestation experiment conducted using the methods of Dashzeveg and Bat-Erdene. The Yargait pass, impacted by forest exploitation; the Nukht pass, affected by forest fire; the Shar-Khooloi pass of Gachuurt, influenced by forest pests; the Khandgait pass, impacted by fire; and forest cle…
creator: Udval Bayarsaikhan
creator: Batdorj Enkhbayar
creator: Tsendsuren Dagdan
creator: Naranbayar Erdenechuluun
creator: Lkhagvajargal Odrentsen
creator: Azzaya Batkhuyag
creator: Anudari Batbileg
creator: Ganbold Battulga
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Udval Bayarsaikhan, Batdorj Enkhbayar, Tsendsuren Dagdan, Naranbayar Erdenechuluun, Lkhagvajargal Odrentsen, Azzaya Batkhuyag, Anudari Batbileg, Ganbold Battulga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 67
ending page: 76
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3362

The findings of the research on the establishment of permanent seed stands in planted forests
type: item
description: In 1999, the forest resources in the vicinity of Bayanbulag, located within the Tuji pine forest of Altanbulag soum in Selenge province, were significantly degraded as a result of intensive logging operations conducted in the aftermath of a fire that had spread across a considerable area. The objective of this study was to select and separate seed plots in cultivated forests in the conditions of Selenge headland of the Uvur-Baigali forest vegetation region, to evaluate the selection of seed trees, to plan forestry measures, and to develop the basis for establishing seed plots in cultivated forests in the future. Additionally, the first and second stage thinings were implemented in accordance with the established technology. The 2019 measurement indicated that, six years after the initial I-stage care, the average age of the planted trees was 20, which is in as age class II. The average diameter was 11.3 cm, the height was 6.4 m, and the height of the lower branch of the crown was 120 cm. Following the initial stage of care, the seed plot area indicated that the trees are growing and developing well. The forest growth environment or bonity index indicated that the forest in question has become one of the most productive and profitable in the region, according to the standards set by class I. The findings of the study indicated that when selecting the seed plot in a specific plantation forest, it is advisable to implement forestry measures prior to the commencement of crown union and branch clearance, or when the tree belongs to age class I. Таримал ойд үрийн байнгын талбай байгуулсан судалгааны дүн Сэлэнгэ аймгийн Алтанбулаг сумын Тужийн нарсан ойн Баянбулаг орчимд 1999 онд их хэмжээний талбайг хамарсан түймэр гарсан бөгөөд түймрийн дараа мод бэлтгэлийг эрчимтэй явуулсны улмаас ойн сан ихээхэн хэмжээгээр доройтсон байна. Эрс тэс уур амьсгал, ялангуяа ургамал ургалтын хугацаа богино, хур тунадас хүрэлцээгүй, нийлбэр дулааны хэмжээ багатай манай орны нөхцөлд ойжуулалт,…
creator: Udval Bayarsaikhan
creator: Ganbold Battulga
creator: Batsaikhan Ganbaatar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Udval Bayarsaikhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 77
ending page: 88
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3364

A comparison of filters to remove speckle from radar data
type: item
description: Regardless of the natural and climate conditions of a given area, it is possible to conduct mapping using radar remote sensing both during the day and at night. Compared to passive remote sensing, active or radar remote sensing emits short waves from an antenna at a slanting angle. Due to the coherent nature of radar waves, the waves scattered from the Earth’s objects close to each other often coincide, creating black and white spots on the image due to the phase difference of the waves. These speckles make interpretation and analysis of the image difficult. To reduce the speckle, various special filters are used. In this study, kernels of different sizes were chosen to compare the effects of the frost and gamma-map filters for speckle reduction on radar data. The results indicated that each method had its own advantages. The frost filter changed the pixel values of the original data relatively little, while the gamma-map filter changed the radiometric values of the original data more than the frost filter, but preserved the image texture better. Радарын мэдээний толбыг арилгах шүүлтүүрүүдийг харьцуулж судалсан дүн Тухайн газар нутгийн байгаль, цаг уурын байдлаас үл хамааран өдөр, шөнийн алинд ч радарын тандан судлалыг ашиглан зураглал үйлдэх боломжтой байдаг. Идэвхгүй тандан судлалтай харьцуулахад идэвхтэй буюу радарын тандан судлал нь, зураглал хийх зориулалтын антеннаас богино долгион цацахдаа ташуу өнцгөөр цацдаг. Ийм үед, радарын долгионы когерент шинж чанараас үүдэн бие, биедээ ойрхон объектуудаас сарнисан долгионууд өөр хоорондоо давхцах тохиолдлууд элбэг байдаг бөгөөд долгионы фазын ялгаанаас нь шалтгаалан дүрс зураг дээр хар, цагаан толбууд бий болдог. Эдгээр толбууд нь дүрс мэдээнд тайлал, дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд хүндрэл учруулах ба толбыг багасгах зорилгоор янз бүрийн тусгай зориулалтын шүүлтүүрүүдийг ашигладаг. Энэхүү судалгааны хүрээнд, толбыг багасгахад ашиглагддаг фрост, гамма-мап зэрэг шүүлтүүрийн радарын мэдээнд үзүүлэх нөлөөг харьцуулан судлах зорилго…
creator: Amarsaikhan Damdinsuren
creator: Enkhjargal Damdinsuren
creator: Tsogzol Gurjav
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amarsaikhan Damdinsuren, Enkhjargal Damdinsuren, Tsogzol Gurjav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 89
ending page: 97
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3367

Fertility status and soil quality index in forest soil of Khangai, Khentii, and Khuvsgul ranges
type: item
description: Soil is the fundamental resource of the forest. The soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed landscapes, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation. The present study was undertaken in the forest soils of the Khangai, Khentii, and Khuvsgul ranges. Physiochemical parameters of soil were estimated to evaluate the soil fertility status and soil quality index. Soil samples were taken from forest areas at five different depths. Texturally, studied soils had sandy loam and loam with percentages of sands (40.2-64%), silts (23.8-40.4%), and clay (10.3-14.3 %). Soil reactions (pH) varied from 5.75-7.54 and showed acidic to slightly alkaline. The highest SOC concentration was recorded as 10.15 % in the surface layer of Khangai forest soil and the lowest was recorded as 1.03 % in 40-60 cm of Khentii forest soil. The highest AP concentration was recorded as 98.5 mg kg-1 in the surface layer of Khuvsgul forest soil and the lowest was recorded as 3.8 mg kg-1 in 40-60 cm of Khangai forest soil. The SOC was positively correlated with exchangeable potassium (r=0.867), and silt was negatively correlated with sand (r=-0.982) in forest soil of the Khangai range. The SOC was positively correlated with available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium (r=0.795 and r=0.714), and silt was negatively correlated with sand (r=-0.977) in forest soil of the Khentii range. The SOC was weakly correlated with available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium (r=0.261 and r=0.109), and silt showed a negative correlation with sand (r=-0.956) and clay (r=-0.64) in forest soil of the Khuvsgul range. SQI was ranging from 0.74-0.96 (fair-good) in the subsurface layer and ranging from 0.52-0.78 (poor-fair) in lower layers of forest soils across all regions. The order of weighting index of mean soil parameters showed SOC (0.35)>soil texture (0.16)>NPK (0.14)>pH (0.086). The o…
creator: Zoljargal Khavtgai
creator: Purevdorj Tserengunsen
creator: Ikhbayar Damba
creator: Bat-Oyun Tuvshinzaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zoljargal Khavtgai, Purevdorj Tserengunsen, Ikhbayar Damba, Bat-Oyun Tuvshinzaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 98
ending page: 107
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3368

Population settlement and internal migration of the region along the Mongolia-Russia-China economic corridor
type: item
description: In Mongolia, country with a small population, a large area, and a lot of agricultural, natural and mineral resources, one of the way to create an appropriate system of population distribution and settlement is the development of local transport infrastructure. Studying how the road and railway corridors planned within the framework of the Mongolia-Russia-China Economic Corridor program affecting the internal migration, distribution and settlement of the population is important for the further development of the corridors. The purpose of this research was to analyze the regional population changes and internal migration indicators along the Mongolian-Russian-Chinese economic corridor. Soum level data from the 2010 and 2020 population censuses were analyzed. 15 aimag centers and 179 soum were considered along the western, central, eastern and northern Mongolian-Russian-Chinese economic corridor. According to the results of the research, in the last 10 years, the population of aimag center and soum centers along the Mongolian-Russian-Chinese economic corridor was increased more than other cities and towns. In other words, if the annual population growth rate was compared with the national average, the population of 5 aimag centers and 26 soum centers of the study region was higher than the national average or had increased mechanically. As of 2020, 60.4 percent of Mongolia's population were live in this region, which is the core area of Mongolia's population. In the future, the study will be expanded and analyzed by comparing the vertical and horizontal axes of the economic corridors and transport infrastructure of Mongolia. It is important to create a population distribution and settlement system by dismantling the social and economic over-concentration in Ulaanbaatar, ensuring the balance of urban and rural development, appropriately deploying the laborforce, and reducing the flow of population migration from rural to urban areas. Монгол-Орос-Хятадын эдийн засгийн ко…
creator: Altanbagana Myagmarsuren
creator: Otgonkhuu Tsedevish
creator: Urantamir Gankhuyag
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Otgonkhuu Tsedevish, Altanbagana Myagmarsuren, Urantamir Gankhuyag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 108
ending page: 120
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3377

Some results of calculating the greenhouse gas absorption in the forest
type: item
description: Studying the effect of land use in urban areas with high population concentration, and the classification and importance of forest reserves are one of the important issues. Our country is a relatively vulnerable to climate change depending on its geographical location, and it is important to know the efficiency and needs of forest resources in order to ensure the implementation of green development policies in the context of changing natural and social processes. We conducted an assessment of Ulaanbaatar city's greenhouse gas emissions on land use and forest sector classification using detailed spatial mapping and information. Hence, this study included both evergreen conifers and seasonal deciduous forests, which undergo absorption processes during the warm season, while only evergreen forests undergo absorption during the cold season. High-resolution satellite imagery from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 was utilized to delineate land use types and reserve characteristics. The greenhouse gas absorption of Ulaanbaatar city's forests was 230,879.14 tons of CO2-eq, which is 1% of the greenhouse gas absorption of Mongolia's forestry sector. Among these, larch forests covering 50,126 hectares constitute 55% of the total forest area and contribute 56% of greenhouse gas absorption (130,292 CO2 equivalent). Coniferous and deciduous trees such as Larix sibirica, L.pinus, L.cedrus and L.birch, which have high greenhouse gas removal capacities, are primarily found on mountain slopes, peaks, and highlands, whereas, Populus laurifolia and Populus, with lower absorption capacities, mainly inhabit river valleys and mountain slopes. Ойн хүлэмжийн хийн шингээлтийг тооцсон зарим үр дүн (Улаанбаатар хотын жишээн дээр) Хүн амын төвлөрөл ихтэй хот орчмын газар ашиглалтын нөлөө, ойн сангийн ангилал, ач холбогдолыг судлах нь чухал асуудлын нэг юм. Манай орны хувьд газарзүйн байрлалаас хамаарч уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөд харьцангуй эмзэг бүс нутаг бөгөөд байгаль, нийгмийн үйл явц өөрчлөгдөж байгаа…
creator: Ser-Od Tsedevdorj
creator: Gansukh Yadamsuren
creator: Uuganbat Ganbold
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ser-Od Tsedevdorj, Gansukh Yadamsuren, Uuganbat Ganbold https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 121
ending page: 133
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3378

Evaluation of the current condition of road border ports in the eastern region of Mongolia
type: item
description: With the expansion of regional cooperation, there is a need for Mongolia to expand trade circulation, increase transportation, and connect the border port with the transport infrastructure. The development and expansion of ports are important for local development, the social economy of Mongolia and the entire region, and is the main driving force for trade, tourism, and employment. It is essential to study and identify the ports that will benefit the national, regional and local socio-economic development in the long and medium term from the point of view of economic geography. Therefore, this research aimed to study the current condition of the border ports in the eastern region of Mongolia and determine the port that plays a key role in the socio-economic development in the region. In this study, the current conditions of 6 ports in the eastern road were assessed using 12 criteria in 8 groups by employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Based on the assessment of 6 ports located in the eastern region, Ereentsav and Bichigt ports received a high rating with a 2.09 index and 1.96 index respectively. These ports have good conditions for regional cooperation, foreign trade and turnover, and passenger traffic. Based on the above research methods, it is possible to identify and prioritize the ports that need to be developed in Mongolia. Монгол улсын зүүн бүсийн авто замын хилийн боомтуудын өнөөгийн нөхцөлийн үнэлгээ Бүс нутгийн хамтын ажиллагаа өргөжиж буй өнөө үед Монгол Улсын хувьд худалдааны эргэлтийг өргөжүүлэх, тээвэрлэлтийг нэмэгдүүлэхэд, хилийн боомтыг хөгжүүлэхэд тээврийн дэд бүтцээр холбох шаардлага үүсэж байна. Боомтуудыг хөгжүүлэх, өргөжүүлэх нь Монгол улсын болон бүс, орон нутгийн нийгэм эдийн засагт чухал ач холбогдолтой ба худалдаа, аялал жуулчлал, аж үйлдвэрлэл, хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтэд гол хөдөлгөгч хүч болдог. Монгол улсын хэмжээнд үйл ажиллагаа явуулж буй хилийн боомтоос урт, дунд хугацаандаа Үндэсний болон бүс, орон нутгийн нийгэм, эдийн засгийн х…
creator: Nandin-Erdene Amartuvshin
creator: Altanbagana Mygmarsuren
creator: Urantamir Gankhuyag
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nandin-Erdene Amartuvshin, Altanbagana Mygmarsuren, Urantamir Gankhuyag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 134
ending page: 148
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3379

Factors affecting indoor air quality in kindergartens
type: item
description: As part of this study, we aimed to determine the air quality in kindergartens where children aged 5 and under, the most vulnerable group to air pollution, spend their daytime hours. We sought to identify the factors influencing air quality in these indoor environments. From September 2022 to March 2023, we conducted measurements in 36 kindergarten classrooms located in Ulaanbaatar's ger districts (n=15), apartment districts (n=20), and a remote area (n=1), using the AirVisual Pro portable air quality measurement device. We measured particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (t), and relative humidity (RH) at 15-minute intervals. Using the measurement results, we performed statistical analysis to assess changes in air pollution over time and correlations with the external environment and attendance of children. The study results identified several factors affecting indoor air quality in kindergartens: 1. Analysis of particulate matter measurements in 36 kindergartens showed that the average PM10 level in the 14 kindergartens in the ger district was 76.3±50.1 µg/m³, while in the 20 kindergartens in the apartment district, it was 42.4±26.5 µg/m³. In the remote area kindergarten, the average PM10 level was 22.8 µg/m³ with lower variability. 2. The average PM10 level in the KG3 kindergarten located in the ger district was 1.6 times higher than in the KG105 kindergarten in the apartment district and 3.7 times higher than in the KG48 kindergarten in the remote area. PM10 levels in the KG3 (ger district) kindergarten increased during morning and evening heating times, whereas in the KG105 (apartment district) kindergarten, it only increased during evening heating times and remained at the same level throughout the week. In the KG48 (remote area) kindergarten, PM10 levels rose until 11:00 AM, coinciding with the children's arrival time, and were very low on weekends. The carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in all kindergartens incre…
creator: Iderkhangai Erdenebat
creator: Soyol-Erdene Tseren-Ochir
creator: Barkhasragchaa Baldorj
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Iderkhangai Erdenebat, Soyol-Erdene Tseren-Ochir, Barkhasragchaa Baldorj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 149
ending page: 160
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3386

Spatio-temporal changes of pasture land in Selenge River Basin using spectral indices
type: item
description: Changes in pasture land cover in the Selenge River Basin were processed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation spectral indices from 2000 to 2020 at 5-year intervals. The study determined relationships between air temperature, precipitation, population, and number of animals during the growing season of those years. Spatial and temporal changes in Mongolian grassland and hay classification were graphically and quantitatively processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and map processing software. Factors influencing changes in plant indices that represent plant growth from June to August were evaluated by correlation assessment. During the study period, the maximum value of NDVI was observed in 2020 and the minimum value was observed in 2000. Considering the average value of them, it was 0.64 in 2000 and 0.7 in 2020. But in 2005 and 2015, the average value decreased to 0.57. When developing the EVI, the average value between 2000 and 2015 was consistent and between 0.33<EVI<0.35 but increased to 0.42 in 2020. Rainfall had fluctuated for the 20 years, but it increased for the last 10 years, while the average temperature increased to 20.6 in 2015. In the last 20 years, the human population increased by 2 times, while the number of animals increased by 2.5 times. All developed indicators had low inter-correlations for each year, and inter-indicator correlations were calculated by differentiating pasture type. As a result, it was observed that the number of animals was inversely related to the values of spectral indices of all plants. Also, Leaf area index (LAI) values increased in high mountain pastures when rainfall increased during the vegetation period. Ургамлын индекс ашиглан Сэлэнгэ мөрний сав газрын бэлчээрийн ургамлан нөмрөгийн орон зай, цаг хугацааны өөрчлөлтийг тодорхойлох нь Сэлэнгэ мөрний сав газар дахь бэлчээрийн хэв шинжийн өөрчлөлтийг Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) хиймэл дагуулын ургамлын …
creator: Uyanga Batbold
creator: Bayartungalag Batsaikhan
creator: Altansukh Ochir
creator: Davaadorj Davaasuren
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Uyanga Batbold, Bayartungalag Batsaikhan, Altansukh Ochir, Davaadorj Davaasuren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 161
ending page: 178
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3388

Organic carbon stocks of desertification monitoring sites
type: item
description: 18 cuttings and 40 samples of soil organic carbon resources of Gobisumber province were prepared, and morphological, chemical (carbonate CaCO3, reaction medium-pH humus, available potassium K2O) and physical properties (sand, silt, clay) were prepared in the soil laboratory of the Institute of Geography and Geoecology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, and analyzed. The reaction environment at the depth of 0-30 cm of the total section was 7.4-9.7% or weakly alkaline to strongly alkaline, and the reaction environment of Ch8 and Ch9 soils was between 6-6.5 or neutral environment. Humus content varied between 1-2.5% of the total soil. Since kastanozems and aridic Kastanozems soils of the dry steppe prevailed, when grouped into these two types, the organic carbon reserves of kastanozems soils ranged from 28.9 to 38 t ha-1, and the reserves of aridicKastanozems soils ranged from 17.7 to 27.6 t ha-1. In the field of desertification, in the experimental area, the reserves were 18.3-24.9 t ha-1 outside the fence, and 12.1-33.8 t ha-1 inside the fence. This result indicated that the level of soil fertility is improving as a result of the rehabilitation of fenced areas. Цөлжилтийн мониторингийн талбайн органик нүүрстөрөгчийн нөөц (Говьсүмбэр аймгийн жишээн дээр) Говьсүмбэр аймгийн хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн нөөцийг мониторинг цэгүүдийн хүрээнд 18 зүсэлт 40 дээж бэлтгэн морфологи болон хими (карбонат CaCO3, урвалын орчин-pH ялзмаг, хөдөлгөөнт кали K2O мөн физик шинж чанарыг (элс, тоос, шаврыг) ШУА-ийн Газарзүй, геоэкологийн хүрээлэнгийн Хөрсний лабораторид шинжилгээнд хамруулсан. Нийт зүсэлтийн 0-30 см-ын гүн дэх урвалын орчин 7.4-9.7% буюу сул шүлтлэгээс хүчтэй шүлтлэг, Ч8,Ч9 хөрсний урвалын орчин 6-6.5 хооронд буюу саармаг орчинтой байна. Ялзмагийн агууламжийн хувьд нийт хөрсөнд 1-2.5%-н хооронд хэлбэлзэж байна. Хуурай хээрийн хүрэн болон цайвар хүрэн хөрсний хэв шинж давамгайлсан тул энэ хоёр төрөлд багцалж үзэхэд хүрэн хөрсний органик нүүрстөрөгчийн нөөц 28.9-38 тн …
creator: Tuguldur Nyam-Osor
creator: Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa
creator: Khaulanbek Akhmadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tuguldur Nyam-Osor, Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa, Khaulanbek Akhmadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 179
ending page: 186
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3390

Groundwater recharge and soil moisture in the unsaturated zone of Gobi region
type: item
description: In Mongolia, which belongs to an arid and semi-arid climate, freshwater resources are limited and unevenly distributed, and in particular, water consumption in the Gobi region is 100% dependent on groundwater. Therefore, assessment of groundwater resources is essential for implementing water resources management. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrological processes (soil moisture, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, etc.) of the Gobi region and to determine the importance of water vapor diffusion. The water and energy balance model that includes water vapor diffusion fluxes and two soil layers was simulated using 2019-2023 daily meteorological data from Tsogt-Ovoo soum of Umnugobi province. Model results showed that evaporation was the main loss in the soil water balance, accounting for 75% of total precipitation. Infiltration occurred only during heavy rainfall. The water vapor diffusion flux accounted for up to 46% of groundwater recharge in the study area. Therefore, hydrological models should consider the water vapor diffusion flux in the water and energy balance, especially in the Gobi region. Говийн усаар ханаагүй бүсийн хөрсний чийгийн хөдлөл зүй ба газрын доорх усны тэжээмж Цэвэр усны нөөц хязгаарлагдмал, жигд бус тархалттай ба хуурай, хагас хуурай уур амьсгалтай Монгол орны хувьд, ялангуяа Говийн бүсийн усны хэрэглээ, ашиглалт газрын доорх уснаас 100% хамааралтай байдаг. Иймээс газрын доорх усны тэжээмжийг үнэлэх нь усны нөөцийн менежментийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд чухал юм. Судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Говийн бүсийн гидрологийн үйл явцуудыг (ул хөрсөн дэх чийгийн хөдөлгөөн, ууршилт, газрын доорх усны тэжээмж гэх мэт) үнэлэх, мөн усны уурын диффузийн ач холбогдлыг тодорхойлоход оршино. Усны уурын диффузийн урсгалыг агуулсан ус ба энергийн балансын 2 үетэй загварт Өмнөговь аймгийн Цогт-овоо сумын цаг уурын станцын 2019-2023 оны өдөр бүрийн мэдээг ашигласан. Загварын үр дүнгээс харахад ууршилт нь усны балансын үндсэн алдагдал бөгөөд нийт хур тунадасны 75%-г эзэ…
creator: Enkhbayar Dandar
creator: Batchimeg Gansukh
creator: Naranchimeg Batsaikhan
creator: Aley Mustafa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Enkhbayar Dandar, Batchimeg Gansukh, Naranchimeg Batsaikhan, Aley Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 187
ending page: 198
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3395

Effect of mulch on soil moisture conservation (In the example of trees planted in two different soils in a greenhouse)
type: item
description: Using organic and inorganic mulches, soil moisture was compared in two different types of soil. In the study, soil moisture was measured using a TDR 150 model Soil Moisture Meter. Two types of soil, sandy loam and loam, were used in four versions with 5 repetitions each. The soil moisture measuring sensor was placed at a depth of 12 cm at intervals of 7-10 days (during plant growth). Compared to the control scenario, the loam soil with Populus laurifolia had an average moisture content of 12.83% of the total cover, while the scenario planted with sandy soil had an average moisture content of 14.12%. However, Ulmus pumila had 19.11% moisture in loam soil and 22.52% in sandy loam soil. The results of this study showed that the moisture content of sandy loam soil was higher than that of loam soil. Because there are no capillary pores in the sand, the transfer of soil moisture from the lower layers to the surface for evaporation was low. In sandy loam soils, leaf mulch and straw mulch led to 20-30% more control and 5-10% more tree diameter compared to other mulch types. On the other hand, in light soil loam, tree height was 15-20% higher and diameter was 3-8% greater than the control. The results of this study proved that covering the soil has many advantages, such as reducing evaporation from the soil surface, increasing soil moisture, reducing soil compaction, and promoting plant growth. The covering materials used in this experimental study of soil moisture protection offer numerous advantages as they are widely available, environmentally friendly, and economical materials for our country. By covering the topsoil of the seedlings with the seeds to retain moisture, the soil properties would improve, leading to a reduction in the watering rate of the trees by half and water savings Хучаасны нөлөө хөрсний чийг хамгаалах боломж (Хүлэмжид хоёр ялгаатай хөрсөнд тариалсан модны жишээн дээр) Органик ба органик биш хучаасыг ашиглан хөрсний чийгийг хоёр өөр хэв шинжийн хөрсөнд…
creator: Elbegzaya Gankhuyg
creator: Purevdorj Tserengunsen
creator: Bat-Oyun Tuvshinzaya
creator: Ganzorig Ulgiichimeg
creator: Zolzaya Maamkhuu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Elbegzaya Gankhuyg, Purevdorj Tserengunsen, Bat-Oyun Tuvshinzaya, Ganzorig Ulgiichimeg, Zolzaya Maamkhuu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 199
ending page: 207
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3396

Characteristics and properties of soil reaction (pH) of Mongolian forest
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the soil pH of forests distributed across Mongolia and determine the types of forest soil and their corresponding reaction environments at different depths. The study was based on 1558 samples collected from 301 profiles of forest soil, in which data were collected in Mongolia before 2024. The primary forest soil types found in Mongolia included Umbrisols (Gelic), Leptic umbrisols, Podzols, Mollic Umbrisols, Gleyic Umbrisols, Podzols (Arenic), and fluvisols. The Tukey test was employed to analyze differences in forest soil pH between soil types. Also, the study was carried out to detect soil pH content in both the upper and lower layers of forest soil, as well as within the genetic layers of each soil type. Forest soil pH in Mongolia ranged from 3.50 to 8.55, with an average of 6.39, indicating a weak acidic. The results of Tukey's test revealed significant differences in soil reaction across forest soil types (p < 0.05). Podzols were found to be the most acidic (pH=4.9), while the podzols (arenic) were the more neutral (pH=6.96). The upper soil layer, the O organic layer, was more acidic (pH 6.0), and the soil became progressively more alkaline (pH 7.32) with decreasing depth. Regarding the geographical distribution of the soil pH, the analysis revealed that an average pH ranged between 7.51-8.09 in many forest soil locations on the western side of Khuvsgul Lake and the Darhad depression. This indicated that certain forests and trees thrive in highly alkaline soil pH compared to soil pH conditions in other forests. Монгол орны ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH)-ы шинж чанар ба онцлог Монгол орны хөрсний судалгаануудад ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны тухай дурдагдсан байдаг боловч хөрсний хэв шинжээр нь урвалын орчныг харьцуулан судалсан судалгааны ажлууд дутмаг байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Хангай, Хэнтий, Хөвсгөлийн уулсын ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны онцлог шинж чанар, ялгаатай байдлыг судлахыг зорьсон. Монгол орон…
creator: Byambaa Ganbat
creator: Bolormaa Tseden-Ish
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Byambaa Ganbat, Bolormaa Tseden-Ish https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 208
ending page: 217
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3397

A study on the effect of windbreaks of forest strips established in sandy soil regions of central Mongolia
type: item
description: The purpose of this research was to estimate the wind force reduction effects of different types of tree species in windbreak, based on monitoring results. Field experiments were carried out during 2010–2017 at the Research and Experimental Center for Combating Desertification (47°27′N, 103°68′E; 1967 m a.s.l) in Elsen Tasarkhai, Khugnu-Tarna National Park in Rashaant soum of Bulgan province, central Mongolia. The studied tree species included Acer tataricum, Populus sibirica, Malus Pallasiana, Ulmus pumila, Salix ledebouriana and Caragana arborescens. The wind data collected by the Hobo loggers were downloaded using Onset HOBOware® Lite Software Version 2.2.1 (Onset Computer Corporation, Pocasset, MA). The estimation procedure incorporated the 1999 version of the windbreak sub-model of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). Windbreak effects were estimated in terms of friction velocity reduction, which is a function of wind speed and direction, distance from the barrier, tree height, porosity, width and orientation. Windbreak characteristics (windbreak type, height, width, porosity, and location) were recorded. A significant effect of windbreak on airflow reduction was proven on the leeward side of windbreak in a belt corresponding to approximately 15-30 times the height of the windbreaks and it depended on the optical porosity. During the monitoring period, the impacts were varied, but all species had reduced the wind speed to a certain distance. As a result, the annual growth rate of tree species showed the significant importance of wind protection. By identifying the effect of shelterbelts on living windbreaks and wind data using long-term monitoring in sandy soil regions of central Mongolia, advanced tree planting and forest strip establishing methods would be developed. Монгол орны ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH)-ы шинж чанар ба онцлог ХУРААНГУЙ: Монгол орны хөрсний судалгаануудад ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны тухай дурдагдсан байдаг боловч хөрсни…
creator: Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa
creator: Cho Wonwoo
creator: Khaulanbek Akhmadi
creator: Hoduck Kang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa,*, Cho Wonwoo, Khaulanbek Akhmadi , Hoduck Kang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 218
ending page: 231
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3404

Plant community changes in the steppe zone in Mongolia
type: item
description: The steppe zone is an ecosystem under intense human pressure and prone to land degradation, and its plant community structure has considerably changed in recent years. Long-term studies on vegetation communities in arid areas are vital for understanding their dynamics and for describing potential changes in plant communities caused by climate change in the future. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in plant communities in the dry steppe zone over an extended period. In these steppe communities, we selected a reduction in species richness, diversity and plant cover as an indication of vegetation degradation. We conducted a long-term monitoring study at the permanent plots selected in the Rashaant and Gurvanbulag soums of Bulgan province and Burd soum of Uvurkhangai province from 2011 to 2023. As a result, a clear downward trend in species richness was observed in each monitoring plot, but it was not statistically significant. The average species diversity was 1.7 and ranged from 0.7 to 2.6. It fluctuated annually but gradually decreased from 1.8 to 1.4 on average during 2011-2023. For the vegetation cover, an increasing trend was observed at some monitoring sites, however, this was related to an increase in digression species cover. We concluded that the composition of plant communities has changed into degraded conditions, however, there are no directional changes in the vegetation communities. Хуурай хээрийн ургамал бүлгэмдлийн өөрчлөлт Хуурай хээрийн бүс нь хүний үйл ажиллагааны нөлөөнд эрчимтэй өртдөг, газрын доройтолд эмзэг экосистем бөгөөд энд ургамал бүлгэмдлийн бүтэц, бүрэлдэхүүн мэдэгдэхүйц өөрчлөгдөж байна. Хуурай, гандуу бүс нутгийн ургамал бүлгэмдлийг урт хугацаанд судлах нь түүний динамикийг ойлгох, ирээдүйд учрах уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн нөхцөлд ургамал бүлгэмдэл хэрхэн өөрчлөгдөх боломжийг тодорхойлох суурь болох юм. Бидний судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь хуурай хээрийн бүсэд ургамал бүлгэмдлийн өөрчлөлтийг урт хугацаанд судлахад орши…
creator: Otgontsetseg Davaanyam
creator: Itgelt Navaandorj
creator: Bayasgalan Dagvadorj
creator: Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa
creator: Khaulenbek Akhmadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Otgontsetseg Davaanyam, Itgelt Navaandorj, Bayasgalan Dagvadorj, Ganchudur Tsetsegmaa, Khaulenbek Akhmadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: 232
ending page: 240
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3387

Editorial
type: item
description: No abstract in English
creator: Dashtseren Avirmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dashtseren Avirmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-27
publication date: 2024-12-27
volume: 61
number: 45
starting page: v
ending page: vi
doi: 10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3753