C, N and P acquiring enzyme activities along climatic gradients in Mongolia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pib.v40i1.4006Keywords:
Soil enzymes, β-Glucosidase, Leucine aminopeptidase, N-Acetylglucoseaminidase, Acid phosphataseAbstract
Soil extracellular enzymes are vital indicators of microbial activity and nutrient cycling and significantly influence soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. Climate and soil resources contribute to the variations of enzyme activities and, thus, regulate the SOM decomposition. This study investigates the activities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquisition enzymes across different soil depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and environmental gradients in Mongolia. Soil samples were collected from 26 sites, with contrasting precipitation and temperature levels, and SOM contents. Our results revealed overall higher activities of C- and P-acquiring enzymes and lower activities (1.9–561.4 and 25.4–536.3 nmol g-1 h-1) of N-acquiring enzymes (6.07–146.2 nmol g-1 h-1). The enzyme activities were significantly higher in the 0–15 cm layer at most sampling sites. Correlation analyses revealed strong positive effects of mean annual precipitation (MAP) (Pearson r= 0.76; 0.95) and negative effects of mean annual temperature (MAT) (r= -0.65; -0.61) on C- and P-acquiring enzyme activities at both soil depths, whereas N-acquiring enzyme activity was significantly influenced by climate only in the 0–15 cm layer. Soil resources (SOM and TN) were positively correlated (r= 0.41–0.93) with the enzyme activities. The results indicate that soil microbial communities might be investing more resources in C and P acquisition in Mongolian steppes. Both climate and soil resources influence the enzyme activities, but the relative contributions of MAT and MAP to the variations in the enzyme activities were highest in 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm layers, respectively. Overall, the results imply that predicted warming and changes in precipitation patterns could affect the SOM stock in SOM-rich areas in Mongolia, especially in topsoils.
C, N, P-ын эргэлтэд оролцдог хөрсний энзимийн идэвхийг уур амьсгалын градиентын дагуу судалсан үр дүн
Хураангуй. Хөрсний энзим нь хөрсний бичил биетний үйл ажиллагаа, шим тэжээлийн нэгдлийн эргэлтийн чухал индикатор байхаас гадна хөрсний органик нэгдлийн задралын төлвийг илтгэдэг. Хөрсний энзим нь уур амьсгалын нөлөөнд мэдрэг тул уур амьсгал өөрчлөгдөхөд органик нэгдлүүдийн задралд хэрхэн нөлөөлөхийг судлах боломж олгодог. Энэ зорилгоор бид хур тунадас болон температурын ялгаатай 26 цэгээс, хөрсний хоёр өөр гүн (0–15 см болон 15–30 см)-ээс цуглуулсан дээжид нүүрстөрөгч (C), азот (N), фосфор (P)-ын эргэлтэд оролцдог дөрвөн энзимийн идэвхийг судлав. Судалгаагаар С болон P- ын эргэлтэд оролцдог энзимийн идэвх (1.9–561.4 ба 25.4–536.3 нмоль г-1 ц-1), N-ын эргэлтэд оролцдог энзимийн идэвх (6.07–146.2 нмоль г-1 ц-1)-ээс харьцангуй өндөр, хөрсний 0–15 см гүнд идэвх нь нэмэгдэж байна. Хөрсний хоёр гүний аль алинд нь C, P-ын эргэлтэд оролцдог энзимийн идэвх олон жилийн дундаж хур тунадас (цаашид хур тунадас гэх)-тай эерэг (Пирсон r= 0.76; 0.95) харин олон жилийн дундаж температур (цаашид температур гэх)-тай сөрөг хамааралтай (r= -0.65; -0.61) байгаа зүй тогтол илрэв. N-ын эргэлтэд оролцдог энзимийн идэвхийн хувьд хөрсний 0–15 см-ийн гүнд дээрхтэй ижил зүй тогтол тодорхойлогдсон бол 15–30 см-ийн гүнд уур амьсгалын нөлөө илрээгүй. Харин хөрсний органик нэгдэл, нийт азот нь бүх энзимийн идэвхтэй эерэг (r= 0.41–0.93) хамааралтай байна. Уур амьсгал, хөрсний органик нэгдэл энзимийн идэвхэд нөлөөлж байгаа боловч 0–15 см-ийн гүнд температур, 15–30 см-ийн гүнд хур тунадасны нөлөө харьцангуй өндөр байгаа үр дүн гарлаа. Эдгээр үр дүнгээс харахад температур болон хур тунадасны өөрчлөлт нь Монгол орны хувьд органик нэгдлээр баялаг бүсийн хөрсний органик нэгдлийн нөөцөд (ялангуяа өнгөн хөрсний өнгөн давхаргад) сөргөөр нөлөөлж болзошгүй байна.
Түлхүүр үг: β-глюкозидаза, хүчиллэг фосфатаза, лейцин аминопептидаза, N-ацетилглюкозаминидаза, хөрсний энзим
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