Variation and status of duck (Anatidae) species during migration period: A Case Study of Chukh Lake
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pib.v40i1.4008Keywords:
monitoring, dominant species, Chukh, duck, communityAbstract
By 2022, 519 bird species had been recorded in Mongolia, including approximately 39 species from the Anatidae family. While research on duck migration and disease predominates, long-term community-level studies are limited. From 2019 to 2022, we recorded around 187 000 individuals of 31 duck species (Anatidae) migrating through Chukh Lake during spring and autumn. We analysed community structure, species composition, population trends, and dominant species based on relative abundance. Spring showed greater species diversity and richness compared to autumn, while overall abundance peaked in autumn. A total of ten dominant species were recorded at Chukh Lake, including the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and Stejneger’s Scoter (Melanita stejnegeri). We confirmed in Chukh Lake as a breeding site for nine duck species, including the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides). The “vagrant” Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) regularly migrates through Chukh Lake, with peak migration occurring in mid-May. Post-spring migration, duck populations increase with moulting Common Pochards and Swan Geese arriving with their chicks. The intensity of autumn migration varies between years and may depend on the weather conditions of each year. Long-term monitoring is essential to determine the population dynamics of duck species, highlighting the continued need for further research on a regional scale.
Нүүдлийн үеийн нугасны овгийн шувуудын тоо толгойн өөрчлөлт болон статус: Чух нуурын судалгаа
Хураангуй: 2022 оны байдлаар Монгол оронд 519 зүйл шувуу бүртгэгдсэн бөгөөд үүнээс 39 нь нугасны овогт хамаарна. Нүүдэл болон өвчлөлийн судалгаа цөөнгүй хийгдсэн боловч урт хугацааны бүлгэмдлийн түвшний судалгаа хомс байна. 2019-2022 оны хооронд бид Чух нуурыг дамжин нүүдэллэж буй 31 зүйлийн 187000 орчим бодгалийг бүртгэж, бүлгэмдлийн бүтэц, зүйлийн бүрдэл, популяцийн хөдлөл зүй, харьцангуй элбэгшилд тулгуурлан давамгайлагч зүйлүүдийг илрүүлэв. Хаврын улирал намартай харьцуулахад зүйлийн баялаг, олон янз байдал өндөр байх бөгөөд тоо толгойн хувьд ихсэх нь намрын улирал өндөр байв. Чух нуурт Улаан хүзүүт шумбуур (Aythya ferina), Алаг шунгаач (Bucephala clangula) болон Тольт монхдой (Melanita stejnegeri) зэрэг арван зүйл давамгайлагч болно. Бид Чух нуурт Ундар нүдэн шумбуур (Aythya nyroca), Хошуу галуу
(Anser cygnoides) зэрэг есөн зүйл үрждэг болохыг баримтжуулсан. “Тохиолдлын таарах” Мөнгөлөг шунгаахай (Clangula hyemalis) нь хаврын нүүдлийн оргил үе болон тавдугаар сарын дундуур жил бүр Чух нуураар дайран өнгөрнө. Хаврын нүүдэл дууссаны дараа гуужихаар ирж буй Улаан хүзүүт шумбуур болон Хошуу галууны дэгдээхэйн тоо нугасны популяцийн нийт тоог ихэсгэх хандлагатай байдаг. Намрын нүүдлийн идэвхжил жил хоорондоо харилцан адилгүй бөгөөд тухайн жилийн цаг агаарын нөхцөл байдлаас хамаарах боломжтой юм. Урт хугацааны мониторинг нь нугасны овгийн зүйлүүдийн популяцийн хөдлөл зүйг тогтооход чухал тул цаашдын судалгааг бүс нутгийн хэмжээнд гүйцэтгэх хэрэгцээтэй хэвээр байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: мониторинг, зонхилогч зүйл, Чух, нугас, бүлгэмдэл
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