Habitat Modeling and Conservation Concerns of the Gobi Bear-Mazaalai (Ursus gobiensis Sokolov & Orlov, 1992) in the Trans-Altai Gobi Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pib.v40i1.4010Keywords:
Gobi bear-Mazaalai, MaxEnt modeling, habitatAbstract
The Gobi Bear is a critically endangered species native to Central Asia, specifically found in small numbers in a limited area of the southwestern region of Mongolia, known as the Trans-Altai Gobi. Not only is the population of this unique bear species low, but its reproduction rate is also slow, and it survives in the harsh, arid conditions of the desert. There is an urgent need for scientific research to understand better the ecology and biology of the factors threatening its survival. However, the difficult terrain of its habitat poses challenges for researchers. Based on collar data from 2005 and 2009, further conservation efforts and scientific recommendations for Gobi bear conservation were suggested. In 2015, the Ministry of Environment and Green Development in Mongolia requested an assessment of the potential habitat range of the Gobi bear, based on data from a satellite collar and modeling. A modeling study utilizing data on endangered species confirmed that the suitable habitat range for the Gobi bear in the Trans-Altai Gobi, referred to as Part “A,” was approximately 23619.18 km2, based on historical presence data. There remains only 12829.7 km2 of habitat for the Gobi bear. The habitats of five collared individuals overlapped by 40 to 60 percent, and these bears utilized 12 different ecosystem communities and 18 types of plant associations in the desert environment. Additionally, the study revealed that the Gobi bears frequently accessed 8 out of 22 available water points. It was found that the historical range of the Gobi bear has declined by 60 percent since the 20th century. However, climate change predictions indicate that the bear’s current habitat is likely to remain stable in 2050. Moving forward, a detailed study is needed in the Trans-Altai Gobi region.
Алтайн өвөр говийн мазаалай баавгайн (Ursus gobiensis Sokolov & Orlov, 1992) амьдрах орчны судалгаа ба хамгааллын асуудал
Хураангуй. Мазаалай баавгай бол манай орны баруун өмнөд хязгаар, Алтайн өвөр говьд хязгаарлагдмал багахан нутагт, цөөн тоо толгойгоор тархсан Төв азийн уугуул нэн ховор зүйл баавгай юм. Угаас цөөн тоотой, үржил, төлжил удаан, жинхэнэ цөлийн хахир хатуу, хэт гандуу хүрээлэн орчинд амьдардаг энэ өвөрмөц зүйлийн тоо толгой цөөн төдийгүй хомсдолын шалтгааны экологи, биологийг шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй нарийвчлан судлах зайлшгүй шаардлага байгаа ч амьдарч буй нутаг нь судлаачид байнга очиход бэрхшээлтэй хэвээр байна. 2005-2009 оны хооронд мазаалай баавгайн хамгааллын бодлогын хүрээнд барьж хүзүүвчилсэн мэдээг ашиглаж шинжлэх ухааны бодит үр дүн зөвлөмжийг боловсруулсан. Алсын зайнаас тандан судлах технологи бүхий сансрын дохиололтой хүзүүвчний мэдээнд үндэслэн БОНХЯ-ны захиалгаар 2015 онд амьдрах загварчлалын дэвшилтэд арга зүй ашиглан мазаалай баавгайн боломжит тархац нутаг, амьдрах орчныг тогтоож, цаашдын хамгааллын менежментэд шаардлагатай үндэслэл боловсруулав. Шинэ тутам хөгжсөн шинжлэх ухааны дэвшилтэд арга зүйг ховор амьтанд анх ашигласан судалгаагаар ГИДЦГ “А” хэсэг, Алтайн өвөр говьд мазаалай баавгайд тохиромжтой амьдрах орчин 23619.18 км2 нутаг байснаас одоо түүний 54.3% буюу 12829.7 км2 голомт нутагт байршсаныг тогтоосон. Хүзүүвчтэй таван бодгаль мазаалайн амьдрах орчин хоорондоо 40-60% давхцаж, цөлийн экосистемийн 12 бүлгэмдэл, ургамлын 18 эвшлийг ашиглаж байна. Мазаалай баавгай 8 уст цэгийг байнга ашиглаж байгааг тогтоосон. Түүхэн тархац нутаг нь 20 зуунаас хойш 60% багассаныг дахин нотолж, уур амьсгалын төсөөллөөр 2050 оны орчим мазаалай баавгайн одоогийн амьдрах орчны хэмжээ тогтвортой байх хандлагатай. Цаашид амьдрах орчныг нарийвчлан судлах шаардлага бий.
Түлхүүр үгс: мазаалай баавгай, Максент, амьдрах орчны загвар
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